T3h 1337 guide to basic networking: Difference between revisions

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Every machine on the internet has an ip address. Far too often users in IRC ask "Whats the ip of www.x.com?"
Every machine on the internet has an ip address. Far too often users in IRC ask "Whats the ip of www.x.com?"
Every domain name (that's in use) resolves to an IP address. Domain names are only aliases for IP addresses because www.google.com is easier to remember then 74.125.47.99. The inverse is not neccesarily true--an ip may have no domain name. Also note that several different sites under different domains may share an IP.
Every domain name (that's in use) resolves to an IP address. Domain names are only aliases for IP addresses because www.google.com is easier to remember than 74.125.47.99. The inverse is not neccesarily true--an ip may have no domain name. Also note that several different sites under different domains may share an IP.
====Finding IPs====
====Finding IPs====


Line 16: Line 16:
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.104
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.104
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.147
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.147
or
chance@AMD64:~$ dig www.google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.5.0-P2 <<>> www.google.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48731
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.com.                        IN      A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.google.com.        42327  IN      CNAME  www.l.google.com.
www.l.google.com.      94      IN      A      209.85.225.103
www.l.google.com.      94      IN      A      209.85.225.99
www.l.google.com.      94      IN      A      209.85.225.147
www.l.google.com.      94      IN      A      209.85.225.104
;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 10.10.256.1#53(10.10.256.1)
;; WHEN: Tue Mar 24 22:30:27 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 126


     * Windows  
     * Windows  
Line 35: Line 61:
==Web hosting==
==Web hosting==


Every site is being hosted somewhere. Finding a who hosts a site is good to find out what kind of bandwidth packages they have, etc.
Every site is being hosted on someone's server. Finding out which company hosts a site is a good way to find out what kind of bandwidth packages they have, etc.
 
===Finding domain name registrar===
===Finding domain name registrar===


     * go here
     * go here [http://whois.domaintools.com/ http://whois.domaintools.com/]
     * Enter the domain name
     * Enter the domain name
     * look for Registrar  
     * look for Registrar  
====*nix based systems====
On all *nix based systems it's pretty easy to find out any available details about a domain. That's what the command 'whois' is for. Every domain registrar runs a whois database for the domains it is hosting. Their database usually contains information about the owner of the domain, a technical and an administrative contact including addresses of them (admins doing semi-legal/illegal things may lie on these forms).
Some registrars require that the administrative contact is a natural person, not an organization.
Some domain owners subscribe to privacy services (such as Domains by Proxy) in which case you will have to try another way to get the information.
Usage example:
$ whois partyvan.info


===Finding host===
===Finding host===
Line 46: Line 82:
Once you have an IP address, you can find out who is hosting a site.
Once you have an IP address, you can find out who is hosting a site.


     * go here
     * go here [http://www.ripe.net/db/whois.html http://www.ripe.net/db/whois.html]
     * enter IP address
     * enter IP address
     * look for OrgName
     * look for OrgName

Latest revision as of 07:13, 14 July 2011

Networking 101[edit]

IP addresses[edit]

Every machine on the internet has an ip address. Far too often users in IRC ask "Whats the ip of www.x.com?" Every domain name (that's in use) resolves to an IP address. Domain names are only aliases for IP addresses because www.google.com is easier to remember than 74.125.47.99. The inverse is not neccesarily true--an ip may have no domain name. Also note that several different sites under different domains may share an IP.

Finding IPs[edit]

The ShowIP Firefox extension displays a site's IP address in the Firefox statusbar, and the extension works on Windows and Linux. Read: If you aren't a macfag, just use it. 

   * nix, OS X

januszeal@sumomo ~ $ host www.google.com www.google.com is an alias for www.l.google.com. www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.99 www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.103 www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.104 www.l.google.com has address 74.125.47.147

or


chance@AMD64:~$ dig www.google.com

<<>> DiG 9.5.0-P2 <<>> www.google.com
global options
printcmd
Got answer
->>HEADER<<- opcode
QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48731
flags
qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
QUESTION SECTION
www.google.com. IN A
ANSWER SECTION

www.google.com. 42327 IN CNAME www.l.google.com. www.l.google.com. 94 IN A 209.85.225.103 www.l.google.com. 94 IN A 209.85.225.99 www.l.google.com. 94 IN A 209.85.225.147 www.l.google.com. 94 IN A 209.85.225.104

Query time
2 msec
SERVER
10.10.256.1#53(10.10.256.1)
WHEN
Tue Mar 24 22:30:27 2009
MSG SIZE rcvd
126
   * Windows

C:\Documents and Settings\janus zeal>ping www.lulzhost.net

Pinging www.lulzhost.net [209.62.62.138] with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 209.62.62.138: bytes=32 time=40ms TTL=50 Reply from 209.62.62.138: bytes=32 time=44ms TTL=50 Reply from 209.62.62.138: bytes=32 time=38ms TTL=50

PINGING A HOST WILL NOT CAUSE ANY KIND OF HARM TO IT, STOP TRYING TO TAKE DOWN SITES BY PINGING THEM YOU FUCKING RETARDS.

Hmm... The FireFox extension FoxyFlag may be interesting. It supposedly gives you a site's IP, although when I did on google it gave me 64.233.161.147 

   * That is correct, however I find Domain Details to be a better add-on janus zealtalkwat 01:54, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Web hosting[edit]

Every site is being hosted on someone's server. Finding out which company hosts a site is a good way to find out what kind of bandwidth packages they have, etc.

Finding domain name registrar[edit]

   * go here http://whois.domaintools.com/
   * Enter the domain name
   * look for Registrar

*nix based systems[edit]

On all *nix based systems it's pretty easy to find out any available details about a domain. That's what the command 'whois' is for. Every domain registrar runs a whois database for the domains it is hosting. Their database usually contains information about the owner of the domain, a technical and an administrative contact including addresses of them (admins doing semi-legal/illegal things may lie on these forms). Some registrars require that the administrative contact is a natural person, not an organization. Some domain owners subscribe to privacy services (such as Domains by Proxy) in which case you will have to try another way to get the information. 

Usage example:
$ whois partyvan.info

Finding host[edit]

Once you have an IP address, you can find out who is hosting a site. 

   * go here http://www.ripe.net/db/whois.html
   * enter IP address
   * look for OrgName
   * ???
   * PROFIT!
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