Basic UNIX commands
The list of commands, used in UNIX shell (sh, bash, etc).
Basic File Operations
man
If you don't know smth - RTFM! man stands for manual. And what you were thinking of?
Type
$ man <command>
If you want to have information about <command>. Example:
$ man ls
LS(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual LS(1)
NAME
ls -- list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [-AaBbCcdFfghikLlmnopqRrSsTtuWwx1] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
For each operand that names a file of a type other than directory, ls
displays its name as well as any requested, associated information. For
each operand that names a file of type directory, ls displays the names
of files contained within that directory, as well as any requested, asso-
ciated information.
If no operands are given, the contents of the current directory are dis-
played. If more than one operand is given, non-directory operands are
displayed first; directory and non-directory operands are sorted sepa-
rately and in lexicographical order.
The following options are available: ...
cd
Change Directory Use is very simple, and just like use of `cd` in DOS
cd ~/l33t/h4x/
Note that ~ is your home directory, if you need to see where you are (if your prompt doesn't display it, use:
pwd
mv
MoVe or rename a file
mv oldname.dix newname.dix
mv ~/olddirectory/file ~/newdirectory/file
Note that on *nix, moving and renaming files is essentially the same thing, as the entire path is considered part of the file name
cp
Captian Planet. I mean... CoPy
cp ~/old ~/new
Options
cp -R
Copies everything in a directory and subdirectories
scp
SFTP CoPy Like cp, but allows copying from one machine to another.
scp user@remote.machine.com:~/list.txt ./
If you wanted to copy an entire directory:
scp -r user@remote.machine.com:~/cake ./cake
Note that ./ is the current directory.
cat, more etc
Note, that you can use Unix_operands with this commands
cat
Printing the whole file to teh screen.
$ cat some.file i am faggot hhahahah gsgffsdf agfsd.. (file content)
Now, try this:
$ cat faggot.txt >> copypasta.txt
This appends the content of faggot.txt to copypasta.txt
head
Showing the begining of the file
$ head ussr.txt Союз нерушимый республик свободных сплотила на веки великая Русь!
tail
OMG, works like head, but in opposit way!
~/vk% tail album.pl
unless $response->is_success or $response->code == 302;
print "Success.\n";
$response = $ua->get("$url\?gid=$gid");
$_ = $response->content;
@_ = /\"photos.php\?act=album&id=(\d+)\"/gm;
# return album ID
return $_[$#_];
}
more & tail
Useful for working with big txt files. With this tool you can scroll the content.
$ more big.fil3
ls
Just listing file in current dirrectory
~% ls Mail codes mail mbox vk centericq.core dead.letter mails public_html zed
Options
Note, that options can be combined.
ls <dir>
Listing files in <dir> directory.
~% ls vk album.pl graffiti.pl img
ls -a
Listing ALL files (include hidden).
~% ls -a . .emacs.d .ssh codes vk .. .irssi .subversion dead.letter zed .bash_history .libetpan .vifm mail .bash_profile .links .zshrc mails .elinks .mc Mail mbox .elm .pinerc centericq.core public_html
ls -l
Showing items in nice list format.
~% ls -l total 4292 drwx------ 2 dany users 512 Apr 3 2007 Mail -rw------- 1 dany users 2138112 Oct 29 2007 centericq.core drwxr-xr-x 3 dany users 512 Sep 1 17:54 codes -rw------- 1 dany users 1 May 2 2007 dead.letter drwx------ 2 dany users 512 Apr 9 2007 mail drwxr-xr-x 2 dany users 512 Apr 2 2007 mails -rw------- 1 dany users 16926 Oct 29 2007 mbox drwxrwxrwx 5 dany users 512 Sep 10 16:20 public_html drwxr-xr-x 3 dany users 512 Jun 26 20:14 vk -rwxrwxrwx 1 dany users 1408 Jan 26 1999 zed
